Engineering Mutant Yeast Strains

Mutant yeast stains (listed in Supplementary Table 1) were engineered as described previously^{24 (link)}. Briefly, the PrimerQuest tool from IDT (Integrated DNA Technologies) was used to design PCR primers (see Supplementary Table 2 for the list of primers used), and DNA fragments were generated using KOD Hot Start DNA polymerase (EMD Millipore). Yeast transformation was performed using the Frozen-EZ Yeast Transformation II Kit (Zymo Research), followed by a two-step selection method using either synthetic media with uracil-dropout amino acid mix (SC/URA) or 5-fluorouracil (5-FOA) as the selective agents. All newly engineered and mutated yeast strains were confirmed by PCR and sequencing.