Bile acids were analyzed using the commercially available Biocrates Bile Acids Kit (Biocrates Life Science AG, Innsbruck, Austria) as described by Marksteiner et al. [16 (link)]. This assay allows identification and quantification of primary and secondary bile acids and their taurine and glycine conjugated derivatives. The metabolite panel included 17 individual bile acids, corresponding internal standards, and calibration ranges. Data analysis was performed with TargetLynx (Waters) and Biocrates MetIDQ software.
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