This study comprised a retrospective analysis of behavioural data collected from 43 right—handed people with chronic pain associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) (average age = 28.7, SD = +/−6.4 years old; 30 males, 13 females) and 43 age- and sex- matched pain-free healthy controls (HC) (average age = 28.2, SD = +/−6.1 years old; 30 males, 13 females) with the overall ages ranged from 18 to 40 (+/−2) years old.
All study participants provide informed consent to experimental methods that were approved by the University Health Network Research Ethics Board. We recruited individuals with AS from the Toronto Western Hospital's Spondylitis Clinic and that were diagnosed with AS using the modified New York criteria (22 (link), 23 (link)). Both HCs and AS participants were excluded if they met any of the following conditions: (1) current or were previously diagnosed with a psychiatric, neurological, or metabolic disorder, (2) previous major surgeries, (3) any serious infection within 4 weeks of data collection requiring hospitalization and/or antibiotics.
All study participants provide informed consent to experimental methods that were approved by the University Health Network Research Ethics Board. We recruited individuals with AS from the Toronto Western Hospital's Spondylitis Clinic and that were diagnosed with AS using the modified New York criteria (22 (link), 23 (link)). Both HCs and AS participants were excluded if they met any of the following conditions: (1) current or were previously diagnosed with a psychiatric, neurological, or metabolic disorder, (2) previous major surgeries, (3) any serious infection within 4 weeks of data collection requiring hospitalization and/or antibiotics.
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