Antibacterial activity was assessed against Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella enterica enterica typhi by the disc diffusion method.42 (link) Sterile agar (20 mL) medium was transferred into Petri dishes under aseptic conditions, and allowed to solidify. Bacterial suspensions with a density equivalent to 0.5 McFarland were prepared and inoculated into the agar with cotton swabs under aseptic conditions. Sterile paper discs of 6 mm diameter were impregnated with 10 μL of 100 mg/mL stock solution to make 1 mg/disc. Each extract and the standard antibiotic disc were gently placed on top of the agar layer to give better contact with the agar plates preinoculated with bacteria. A disc with 10% DMSO was used as a negative control. Reference antibiotics (azithromycin, cefoxitin, and ciprofloxacin) were used as positive controls. The plant extract discs and standard antibiotic discs were allowed to diffuse into the plates for 1 hour, and then they were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours in an inverted position. The zone of inhibition was measured using digital Vernier calipers. Each assay was performed in triplicate.