HLE-B3 cells purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) were grown as a monolayer in DMEM supplemented with 20% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 and 21% O2. Twenty-four h before the day of the experiment, cells were switched to hypoxic conditions (1% O2 to mock physiological environment [15 (link)]). At 85–90% confluence, the cells were treated with the indicated concentration of H2O2 for 24 h.
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