Sample quality was initially examined using negative stain cryo-EM using in-house microscopes (TF20 and T12) and standard protocols (30 (link)). Once sample quality was ensured, cryo-EM samples were prepared on Quantifoil R1.2/1.3 grids coated with graphene oxide (GO) prepared in-house. Ribosome samples (3.5 μl) at a concentration of 100 pM were frozen using an FEI Vitrobot with a 30-s wait time, followed by a blot of 10 s with a force of +5. Once the sample was frozen, sample quality was ensured using an in-house TF20 microscope and shipped for high-resolution data collection.
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