This has been performed as previously described [17] (link). Antibodies directed against alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1, 2AR2, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), Stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA); matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), Akt and phospho-Akt (193H12), Erk1/2 and phospho-Erk1/2 (THR202/TYR204) from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA), p16INK4a and Caveolin-1 from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA); p21 (F-5), p53 (DO-1), PTEN (A2B1) and glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, FL-335) were purchased from Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz, CA).
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