Tannin (gallotannin) was purchased from LOBA Chemie (Mumbai, India), and methyl gallate was purchased from Sigma (Steinheim, Germany). Ingredients such as peptone, yeast extract, malt extract, and carbon sources such as glucose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, raffinose, and trehalose were purchased from HiMedia (Nashik, India). The genomic DNA of yeast was extracted using a Wizard® Genomic DNA purification kit (Promega Corp., Madison, WI, United States). Nucleic acid amplifications were performed using TaKaRa Ex Taq® (Shiga, Japan). Other reagents and solvents were of analytical grade.
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