We gathered 16 normal nasopharynx tissues and 20 freshly frozen NPC tissues, as well as a set of 214 paraffin‐embedded NPC specimens from the Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center (January 2006 to December 2009, Guangzhou, China). All methods and strategies involving human samples were implemented in accordance with the guidelines of the Institutional Ethical Review Boards of Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center (GZR2017‐079), and the standards set by the Declaration of Helsinki. This retrospective study was conducted after all patients had completed the visit and the data were anonymous; thus, the requirement of informed consent was waived by the ethics review boards.
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