Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA; Lunar Prodigy Advance fan beam scanner, GE Medical Systems, Madison, WI, USA, Prodigy enCORE software version 16.10.151). Appendicular lean muscle mass (the sum of the lean mass in arms and legs/height, kg/m2) of less than 1.5 SD from the mean in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES) was classified as low lean muscle mass [22 (link)].
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