The literature retrieval databases mainly included PubMed database, EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE medical literature library, Web of Science, Science Direct and Google Scholar, and the literature search time was up to December 2021. The keywords searched by MeSH and commonly used for literature retrieval were used alone or in combination: “Trichomonas vaginalis”, “Trichomonas infections”, “Trichomoniasis”, “Trichomonas vaginitis”, “Neoplasms”, “cancer”, “neoplasia”, “carcinoma in situ”, “canceration” and “tumour” with “OR” and / or “AND” operators. The systematic search of literature was performed by two independent researchers. The retrieved articles were manually checked the title, abstract and full-text by two independent researchers, and the irrelevant articles and duplicate were removed. The retained articles were categorized as epidemiological investigations, reviews, and research articles. This systematic review with meta-analysis was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero) and a registration ID was assigned (CRD42022340263).
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