The scRNA-Seq libraries were prepared following the published protocol with minor modifications (11 (link)). Briefly, cells undergoing reprogramming were trypsinized into single cells at each time point. Cells were washed three times with C1 DNA-seq Cell Wash Buffer (Fluidigm). Cells at a concentration of 300 to 600 cells/μl were mixed with C1 Cell Suspension Reagent at a ratio of 3:2. Next, the cell mixture was loaded into C1 Single-Cell Auto Prep IFC (integrated fluidic circuits) microfluidic chips according to the “STRT seq, 1862× (10-17 μm diameter cells)” protocol. Cells were captured at the 96 capture sites in the microfluidic chip and stained using a green fluorescent calcein-AM dye (LIVE/DEAD cell viability assay, Life Technologies) and imaged by a Leica CTR 6000 microscope. mRNA-Seq libraries were prepared following the Generate complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries with the C1 Single-Cell mRNA Seq HT IFC and Reagent Kit V2 manual.