The hADSCs were isolated from adipose tissue, cultured for differentiation, and stained with the Oil Red O according to our previous study.31 (link) Briefly, 10 grams of fresh SATs were washed in physiological saline (PBS) three times, cut into a size of 1 mm × 1 mm, and digested in collagenase I solution (Gibco, Life Technology, China) for 1 hour at 37°C. After that, the mixture was filtered through a 70-µm cell strainer (BD Falcon, Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) and centrifuged at 150× g for 10 minutes. Next, the supernatant was gently poured off and the cells were combined with 3 mL of erythrocyte lysate (Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology, Shanghai, China) and then incubated for 3 minutes and centrifuged at 150× g for 10 minutes to collect the cells. The cells were washed with PBS three times through centrifugation at 150 g for 10 minutes each and finally cultured in DMEM/F12 (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Life Technologies). The mature adipocytes that were induced from MSL hADSCs were stimulated by 1 μM, 5 μM, or 10 μM of isoprenaline (Hefeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China).