All mice were housed and treated in accordance with NIH and Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) guidelines, and used protocols approved by the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai or the Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Animal Care and Use Committees. Studies were conducted in male C57BL/6J mice aged 8–10 weeks (weight, 25 ~ 30 g) purchased from Jackson Laboratories. Cardiac-specific Sirt1 knockout (SIRT1−/−) mice were generated by crossing Sirt1flox/flox mice (Jackson Laboratory) with α-MHC-MerCreMer mice (αMHC-MerCreMer, Jackson Laboratory)19 (link). Conditional cardiomyocyte-specific Serca2 knockout mouse model has been previously described14 . All animal experiments were described in the Supplemental material.