Antibiotic Impact on Gut Microbiome

This randomized clinical trial involved two research centers—The Karolinska Institute in Sweden (KI) and Helperby Therapeutics Ltd. in the United Kingdom (HP). Each study was approved by the respective institutional boards and the respective national competent authorities and was registered with the European Union Clinical Trials Register (for details, see Text S1 in the supplemental material). Each center involved healthy volunteers, randomized into two test groups and one control group. At KI, 30 volunteers were randomly assigned to either the ciprofloxacin (Cipro), the clindamycin (Clinda), or the placebo (Plac KI) group. At HP, 44 volunteers were randomly assigned to the amoxicillin (Amox, n = 15), the minocycline (Minoc, n = 15), or the placebo (Plac HP, n = 14) group. Saliva and fecal samples were collected on 6 occasions: immediately before administration of the antibiotic (baseline), immediately after the treatment course was completed (week 1), and 1 month, 2 months, 4 months, and 12 months postdosing. Sample DNA was extracted, 16S rRNA gene amplicons were sequenced, and data were processed as described previously (36 (link)– (link)38 (link)) (see Text S1).

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Zaura E., Brandt B.W., Teixeira de Mattos M.J., Buijs M.J., Caspers M.P., Rashid M.U., Weintraub A., Nord C.E., Savell A., Hu Y., Coates A.R., Hubank M., Spratt D.A., Wilson M., Keijser B.J, & Crielaard W. (2015). Same Exposure but Two Radically Different Responses to Antibiotics: Resilience of the Salivary Microbiome versus Long-Term Microbial Shifts in Feces. mBio, 6(6), e01693-15.

Publication 2015

Amox Antibiotic Ciprofloxacin Clindamycin Fecal Healthy volunteers Minocycline Plac Placebo Rrna gene Saliva Volunteers

Corresponding Organization :

Other organizations : Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Helperby Therapeutics (United Kingdom), University College London, Eastman Dental Hospital

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Variable analysis

independent variables

Antibiotic treatment (ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, amoxicillin, minocycline, placebo)

dependent variables

Changes in oral and gut microbiome composition over time (baseline, week 1, 1 month, 2 months, 4 months, 12 months)

control variables

Healthy volunteers
Randomization of participants into test and control groups
Study approval by institutional boards and national authorities
16S rRNA gene sequencing and data processing methods

controls

Positive control: Placebo groups (Plac KI and Plac HP)
Negative control: Not explicitly mentioned

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