The method described in Andreoli et al. [28 (link)] with some modifications [29 (link)] was applied to the urine samples to assess the concentrations of 8-oxoGua, 8-oxodGuo, 8-oxoGuo and their internal standards, ((13C15N2) 8-oxoGua), ((13C15N2) 8-oxodGuo) and ((13C15N2) 8-oxoGuo), using the isotopic dilution method. The 1.5 version of Analyst® software (AB Sciex, Framingham, MA, USA) was employed for instrument control.
To normalize the results for the dilution grade of urine, the results were expressed as the ratio to the concentration of urinary creatinine. The method of Jaffe using alkaline picrate test with UV-vis detection at 490 nm [30 (link)] was applied to determine the urinary creatinine. Samples with creatinine concentrations lower than 0.3 g/L or higher than 3.0 g/L were excluded from statistical analysis according to the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) recommendation [31 ].