Naïve and memory CD8+ T cells were generated using the OT-I system as described previously (32 (link),33 (link)). RNA-Seq was done essentially as described (34 (link)). Briefly, total RNAs were prepared using RNA-Tri (Bio&SELL) and further purified using the RNeasy mini kit (Qiagen) in combination with a DNase I (Qiagen) treatment. RNA sequencing libraries were prepared by using the TruSeq mRNA Library Preparation kit (Illumina). 125-bp paired-end reads were generated by using a HiSeq 2500 sequencer (Illumina) with V4 sequencing chemistry. Triplicate samples from naïve and memory T cells were sequenced (around 40 × 106 reads per sample) and analyzed using a MISO-based pipeline (35 (link)).