GFP-TRPML1, GFP-TRPML1-7Q, Lamp1-GFP, and Lamp1-mCherry constructs were generated as described previously33 (link). Dominant-negative Kif5B (human Kif5B a.a. residues 592-963) was subcloned to pmCherry-C1 (Clontech) using Kif5B cDNA as the template. Dominant-negative dynein intermediate chain 2 (GFP-DYNIC2-DN) and GFP-dynamitin (both were gifts from Dr. Kristen Verhey at the University of Michigan) have been characterized previously47 (link),67 (link). mCherry-ALG2 and GFP-TRPML1-R44LK-AAA were provided by Dr. Rosa Puertollano (NHLBI, NIH). mCherry-ALG2-E47E114-AA, GFP-TRPML1-R44-A, GFP-TRPML1-L45-A, Rab7-T22N-GFP, Rab7-Q67L-GFP mutants were generated with a site-directed mutagenesis kit. All constructs were verified with sequencing and confirmed with western blotting.