Exosomes were isolated from the serum (5 ml) and cell culture medium by using ExoQuick ULTRA (System Biosciences, United States) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The morphology and diameter size distribution of exosomes were assessed by FEI Tecnai T20 transmission electron microscopy (TEM; FEI Company, United States) according to the previous study (Li et al., 2015 (link)). The number of exosomes was determined by applying the BCA protein assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific, United States) (Soares Martins et al., 2018 (link)).
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