The surface color change of scales was estimated using a colorimeter (Model CR-400, Minolta, Tokyo, Japan), which showed the L*, a* and b* values by CIE color. The colorimeter was calibrated using a standard white tile (L* = 97.40, a* = −0.91, b* = 1.53).
The browning index (BI), which represents the purity of brown color (Palou et al., 1999), was calculated according to the following equation. Fresh lily scale as reference scale was shown in Figure A1.
BI=100(x0.31)0.172, where x=a+1.75L5.645L+a3.012b
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