The drug release, physical stability, and cellular absorption of vesicles are all affected by particle size and shape. Light scattering is essential for determining the properties of colloidal and macromolecular dispersions. Wet laser diffraction sizing is used primarily to evaluate the characteristics of TEs and is called dynamic light scattering (DLS) [10 (link)].
This approach yields a volume-based primary particle-size distribution. Polydispersity can be measured in terms of uniformity or the degree to which the distribution is symmetric around the median point and the width of the distribution. Small PDI values of 0.1 suggest a homogeneous dispersion, but large values >0.3 imply substantial heterogeneity [39 (link)]. The charge on the vesicular dispersion can influence the formulation’s stability and vesicle interaction with the delivery site. It affects long-term physical stability [40 (link)]. Laser Doppler anemometry with a Zetasizer Nano-Z instrument (Malvern Instruments, UK) was used to evaluate zeta potential [41 (link)].
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