Sixty-two conventional and targeted metabolites were assayed as previously described [12 (link)]. Briefly, conventional metabolite levels (lactate, triacylglycerols, 3-hydroxybutyrate, glycerol, NEFA) were measured on a Unicel DxC 600 clinical analyser (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA). Targeted metabolomics assays for acylcarnitines and amino acids were performed by tandem MS with addition of known quantities of stable isotope-labelled internal standards on an Acquity TQD Triple Quadrupole system (Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA).