X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Characterization

XPS data were collected using a Kratos AXIS Ultra spectrometer (Kratos Analytical, Manchester, UK). The instrument was equipped with a hybrid magnetic and electrostatic electron lens system, a delay-line detector, and a monochromatic Al Kα2 x-ray source (1486.7 eV). Data were collected at pressures of <9 × 10⁻⁹ torr with photoelectrons collected at 90° with respect to the sample surface normal unless otherwise specified. The electron collection lens aperture was set to sample a 700 μm–by–300 μm spot, and the analyzer pass energy was 80 eV for survey spectra and 10 eV for high-resolution spectra. The instrument energy scale and work function were calibrated using clean Au, Ag, and Cu standards. The instrument was operated by Vision Manager software v. 2.2.10 revision 5. The XPS data were analyzed using CasaXPS software (CASA Software Ltd.).

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Moestopo W.P., Shaker S., Deng W, & Greer J.R. (2023). Knots are not for naught: Design, properties, and topology of hierarchical intertwined microarchitected materials. Science Advances, 9(10), eade6725.

Publication 2023

AXIS Ultra spectrometer

A 300 Axis Casa Electron Electrostatic Hybrid Lens Vision X ray

Corresponding Organization : Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

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Variable analysis

independent variables

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dependent variables

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control variables

Pressure: <9 × 10^-9 torr
Photoelectron collection angle: 90° with respect to the sample surface normal
Electron collection lens aperture: 700 μm–by–300 μm spot
Analyzer pass energy: 80 eV for survey spectra, 10 eV for high-resolution spectra
Instrument energy scale and work function calibrated using clean Au, Ag, and Cu standards

positive controls

None explicitly mentioned

negative controls

None explicitly mentioned

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