To compare cgMLST with PFGE for Lm strain typing, we analysed, in parallel, 100 isolates (57 human isolates, 33 food isolates and 10 isolates from food production environments) prospectively collected between January and April 2015 in the frame of the French listeriosis surveillance system by the National Reference Center for Listeria (Institut Pasteur, France). PFGE restriction profiles were obtained using the enzymes AscI and ApaI according to PulseNet standardized procedures (http://www.cdc.gov/pulsenet/PDF/listeria-pfge-protocol-508c.pdf) and were analysed using BioNumerics. PFGE and cgMLST typing results were compared using Simpson’s index of diversity and the adjusted Wallace index of concordance (see Supplementary Section 2.5 for details).