Enrichment of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell precursors or LCMV-specific CD8+ T cells at memory time points was performed as previously described (Haluszczak et al., 2009 (link)). Combined spleen and lymph nodes or spleen only, as indicated, was digested with collagenase D. Cells were labeled with PE- or APC-conjugated tetramers, followed by magnetic enrichment over columns using anti-PE or anti-APC magnetic beads (Miltenyi Biotec). Enriched samples were stained with surface antibodies, and AccuCheck counting beads (Invitrogen) were used for calculating cell number.