Fresh soil samples were obtained from the 0–15 cm layer of soil at three separate sites from each treatment using an 8 cm tube auger. Three soil samples were obtained from each treatment during tillering, flowering, grain filling, and physiological maturity of the crop. The total fresh soil samples were 30 in number and air-dried for 7 days, sieved through a 2 mm screen, mixed, and placed in plastic bags for further analysis.
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