The preparation and complete characterization of the [CEL + CS] composite materials used in this study was described in our previous publication.20 (link) Minimal essential medium (MEM), 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), and gentamicin were obtained from Atlanta Biologicals, Lawrenceville, GA. CellTiter 96® aqueous non-radioactive cell proliferation assay was obtained from Promega, Madison, WI. One Percent Penicillin–Streptomycin and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) were obtained from VWR, Radnor, PA. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was from R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN and was used according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Images of the fibroblasts and macrophages were taken with an Olympus microscopic camera using CellSens Imaging Software (Olympus, Center Valley, PA). Kendall – Curity AMD gauze sponges, 8 and 12 ply (Covidien, Mansfield, MA), Promogran matrix wound dressing (Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ), Aquacel and DuoDERM CGF (ConvaTec, Princeton, NJ), Allevyn adhesive (Smith + Nephew, Andover, MA) are wound dressing that were purchased commercially.