To induce diabetes, mice received a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of 195 mg/kg STZ (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) prepared in 5 M sodium citrate, pH 4.5, or vehicle (Ho et al. 2011 (link)). Blood glucose levels were measured 7, 10 and 20 days after STZ or vehicle injection using a portable Freestyle glucometer (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL). Blood was obtained via tail snip. Mice with blood glucose values > 300 mg/dl were included in the STZ groups. Glucose levels were then measured on a weekly basis, in the morning between 08:00 – 10:00, until study completion.