Formulation and proximate chemical composition of the trial diets are shown in Table 1 (Huang et al., 2021 (link)). Two (49% crude protein) and isolipidic (9% crude lipid) semi-purified diets were formulated with α- cassava starch (0 and 220 g/kg), named as Z diet and G diet, respectively. Briefly, all dry ingredients were crushed and sifted through 280 μm mesh, then weighed according to the ratio and mixed manually for 10 min. The mixed ingredients were transferred to a pelletizer (SYX62, Xiamen, China) and processed into 2 mm diameter pellets. All diets were air-dried at room temperature (23°C–30°C) and stored at −20°C until use.
The chemical composition analyses of the diets were conducted by standard methods (AOAC, 2005 ). Crude protein, crude lipid, and ash were determined by Kjeldahl method (N × 6.25) (Kjeltec 2300, FOSS, Hilleroed, Denmark), petroleum ether extraction (without acid hydrolysis) using Soxtec (Soxtec 2055; FOSS), and combustion at 550°C to constant weight in a muffle furnace (Shenyang Energy-saving Electric Furnace Factory, Shenyang, China). Optical rotation method was used to determine the starch content (spectropolarimeter WZZ-2B, Shanghai, China).
The chemical composition analyses of the diets were conducted by standard methods (AOAC, 2005 ). Crude protein, crude lipid, and ash were determined by Kjeldahl method (N × 6.25) (Kjeltec 2300, FOSS, Hilleroed, Denmark), petroleum ether extraction (without acid hydrolysis) using Soxtec (Soxtec 2055; FOSS), and combustion at 550°C to constant weight in a muffle furnace (Shenyang Energy-saving Electric Furnace Factory, Shenyang, China). Optical rotation method was used to determine the starch content (spectropolarimeter WZZ-2B, Shanghai, China).
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