The cytotoxicity of AGS cells were assessed by measurement of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) expression in the cultured supernatants using Cytotoxicity Assay Kit (Beyotime, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China). The low level control was defined as LDH expression in the supernatant of AGS cells, while the high level control was defined as LDH expression in the supernatant of Triton X-100 treated AGS cells. The percentage of target cell death was calculated using the following equation: (experiment value − low level control)/(high level control − low level control) × 100% [17 (link)–20 (link)].
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