Strains used in this study are listed
in Table 1. Experiments
were conducted with C. albicans standard lab strain
SC5314, unless noted otherwise. Cells were grown to log phase in liquid
casitone (casitone, yeast extract, sodium citrate dehydrate, glucose
plus 40 mg/L adenine and 80 mg/L uridine; Sigma). Cultures were shaken
at 30 °C in 5 mL of YPAD overnight. Drug-exposed cultures were
diluted 1:100 for 2–3 h in casitone followed by drug addition.
Drugs were diluted in water (posaconazole (Sigma-Aldrich SML2287,
>98%), colistin (Glentham Life Sciences GA9867, ≥19 000
U/mg), amphotericin B (TOKU-E, ≥95%), 5-fluorocytosine (Sigma-Aldrich
F7129, ≥99%); ethanol (terbinafine T8826, ≥98%), fluconazole
(Sigma-Aldrich F8929, ≥98%, ketoconazole (Sigma-Aldrich K1003,
≥99%), miconazole (Fischer Bioreagents, 98%), clotrimazole
(Glentham Life Sciences, GA8137), caspofungin diacetate (Sigma-Aldrich
SML0425, ≥19 000 IU/mg), anidulafungin (Sigma-Aldrich
SML2288, ≥97%) myriocin (Sigma-Aldrich M1175, ≥98%),
amphotericin B (A2411, ∼80%), daptomycin (Sigma-Aldrich D2446,
≥90%), RB16348 (link) (≥95%)) or
DMSO (natamycin, Sigma-Aldrich, ≥95%). Casitone solid media
(casitone liquid plus 10 g/L agar (Formedium, Ltd.)) was used for
the disk assay method. colistin (GA9867, Glentham Life Sciences, ≥19 000
U/mg) was added to agar media at a final concentration of 64 μg/mL.