MSs followed Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2020/1729 and recommendations from EFSA regarding the use of epidemiologic cut‐off values for AMR monitoring. MSs tested antimicrobials and interpreted the results using the ECOFFs and concentration ranges shown in Tables F.5 and F.6 to determine the susceptibility of the following microorganisms: Salmonella spp., C. coli, C. jejuni and indicator commensal E. coli. Under the new legislation (Commission Implementing (EU) 2020/1729), changes were made to the ECOFFs and clinical breakpoints for several antimicrobial substances included in the harmonised panel for testing of Salmonella spp., and E. coli. The substances with changes to ECOFFs and or clinical breakpoints included tigecycline, nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin (Table F.5 ). For 2021 data from pigs, calves and meat from BCPS, the occurrence of resistance to tigecycline, nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin is determined using the new ECOFFs and clinical breakpoints, and for 2020 data from poultry, tigecycline, nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance are analysed using the ECOFFs and clinical breakpoints from the previous legislation (Decision 2013/652/EU). Also, in 2021, a new substance, amikacin, was added to the harmonised panel for both Salmonella spp. and E. coli. While for Campylobacter spp., no changes were made to ECOFFs and clinical breakpoints for the substances included in the harmonised panel. However, two new substances were added (chloramphenicol and ertapenem) and two substances were removed (nalidixic acid and streptomycin).
Presumptive ESBL‐ AmpC‐ or carbapenemase‐producing E. coli isolates identified through selective plating, as well as randomly selected isolates of Salmonella spp. and E. coli that, after testing with the first panel of antimicrobials in accordance with Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2020/1729 were found to be resistant to cefotaxime, ceftazidime or meropenem, should be further tested with a second panel of antimicrobial substances (TableF.7 ) or further investigated using WGS. The second panel includes cefoxitin, cefepime and clavulanic acid in combination with cefotaxime and ceftazidime for the detection of presumptive ESBL‐ and AmpC‐ producing isolates. Moreover, the second panel contains imipenem, meropenem and ertapenem to phenotypically verify presumptive carbapenemase‐ producers.
Presumptive ESBL‐ AmpC‐ or carbapenemase‐producing E. coli isolates identified through selective plating, as well as randomly selected isolates of Salmonella spp. and E. coli that, after testing with the first panel of antimicrobials in accordance with Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2020/1729 were found to be resistant to cefotaxime, ceftazidime or meropenem, should be further tested with a second panel of antimicrobial substances (Table
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