Demographic and clinical data, including obstetric and birth data, were collected for all term and preterm infants following enrollment. Obstetric and birth data included gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), and Apgar score. Other clinical data included physical diseases (atrial septum deficit, ASD; bronchopulmonary dysplasia, BPD; necrotizing enterocolitis, NEC; intraventricular hemorrhage, IVH; patent ductus arteriosus, PDA; periventricular leukomalacia, PVL; respiratory distress syndrome, RDS; ventricular septum deficit, VSD; anemia; sepsis) and blood transfusion and surfactant use after birth.
Every 6 months, all participants received a clinical evaluation by pediatric ear–nose–throat and oro-maxillo-facial and developmental specialists and a development assessment by the Denver Developmental Screening Test—second edition. The Bailey Scale of Infant Development was performed by child psychologists. The results of the initial 2-year follow-up have already been published [20 (link)]. When children were at age 4 ± 1 year, all children received cognitive function evaluation using the Chinese version of the Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence, Fourth Edition (WPPSI-IV) and Child Behavior Checklist. Furthermore, 150 participants (134 preterm children and 16 term children) received K-CPT to evaluate their attention, and 129 participants (113 preterm children with retinopathy of prematurity and 16 term children) also received ophthalmic evaluation (Figure 1 ).
Every 6 months, all participants received a clinical evaluation by pediatric ear–nose–throat and oro-maxillo-facial and developmental specialists and a development assessment by the Denver Developmental Screening Test—second edition. The Bailey Scale of Infant Development was performed by child psychologists. The results of the initial 2-year follow-up have already been published [20 (link)]. When children were at age 4 ± 1 year, all children received cognitive function evaluation using the Chinese version of the Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence, Fourth Edition (WPPSI-IV) and Child Behavior Checklist. Furthermore, 150 participants (134 preterm children and 16 term children) received K-CPT to evaluate their attention, and 129 participants (113 preterm children with retinopathy of prematurity and 16 term children) also received ophthalmic evaluation (
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