Adult male, 6~8-week old C57BL/6 mice were used (Charles River) and housed in a standard facility. Electroconvulsive treatment (ECT) was achieved with pulses consisted of 1.0 s, 100 Hz, 16–18 mA stimulus of 0.3 ms delivered using the Ugo Basile ECT unit (Model 57800) as previously described34 (link). Mock mice were handled in parallel without the electrical current delivery.