The chemicals and reagents used were primarily supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA) and were of analytical grade. The molecular weight marker Spectra™ Multicolor Broad Range Protein Ladder (10–260 kDa), trypsin (mass spectrometry grade), HPLC grade acetonitrile (ACN) and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were purchased from Thermo Scientific™ Pierce™ (Waltham, MA, USA). Millipore ZipTip® C18 Pipette Tips and LiChrospher® WP 300 RP-18 (5 µm) were supplied by Merck (Burlington, MA, USA).
Venom Neutralization by Sea Snake Antivenom
The chemicals and reagents used were primarily supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA) and were of analytical grade. The molecular weight marker Spectra™ Multicolor Broad Range Protein Ladder (10–260 kDa), trypsin (mass spectrometry grade), HPLC grade acetonitrile (ACN) and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were purchased from Thermo Scientific™ Pierce™ (Waltham, MA, USA). Millipore ZipTip® C18 Pipette Tips and LiChrospher® WP 300 RP-18 (5 µm) were supplied by Merck (Burlington, MA, USA).
Corresponding Organization : University of Malaya
Variable analysis
- None explicitly mentioned
- None explicitly mentioned
- Venom sample: Pooled from 10 adult Hydrophis curtus snakes collected in the waters of Penang Island (Malaysia)
- Antivenom: Sea Snake Antivenom (SSAV) produced by CSL Ltd. (Melbourne, Australia, Seqirus Ltd. currently) containing F(ab')2 from horses hyperimmunized against the venoms of Hydrophis schistosus (beaked sea snake, obtained from the waters of Penang Island, Malaysia) and the Australian Notechis scutatus (common tiger snake)
- Protein concentration of the antivenom: 217.2 ± 3.0 mg/mL, determined in a previous study from the laboratory [25 (link)]
- Chemicals and reagents: Supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA), Thermo Scientific™ Pierce™ (Waltham, MA, USA), and Merck (Burlington, MA, USA), all of analytical grade
- None explicitly mentioned
- None explicitly mentioned
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