Crude extracts were mixed with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) loading buffer, boiled for 5 min, and analyzed by 10% SDS-PAGE. Resolved proteins were transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes, detected by enhanced chemiluminescence according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Amersham, Buckinghamshire, UK), and analyzed using a Molecular Image ChemiDoc XRS system (Bio-Rad; Hercules, CA) (23 (link)). Densitometry was performed using Image J software (NIH; Bethesda, MD). β-Actin was used to confirm equal protein loading for all samples.