Twelve metastatic melanoma samples were obtained from patients that were not undergoing therapy at the time of sample collection. Patients had undergone a wide range of prior therapies, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, or none of the above. PBLs were obtained by either leukapheresis or venipuncture, prepared over Ficoll-Hypaque gradient (LSM; ICN Biomedicals Inc.), and cryopreserved until analysis. After surgical resection, tumor specimens were processed as previously described (18 (link)). Briefly, tumor specimens were minced, enzymatically digested overnight at room temperature or for several hours at 37°C (RPMI-1640 with l-glutamine [Lonza], 1 mg/ml collagenase IV [Sigma-Aldrich], 30 U/ml DNAse [Genentech], and antibiotics) and the tissue was separated mechanically using gentleMACS (Miltenyi Biotech). Tumor single-cell suspensions were cryopreserved.