Membrane-Coated PLGA Nanoparticle Fabrication

Membrane-coated nanoparticles were fabricated by a previously reported sonication method.^{[14 (link)]} Briefly, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) cores were fabricated using carboxylic acid-terminated PLGA polymer (0.67 dL/g, 50:50 ratio; Lactel Absorbable Polymers). The polymer was dissolved at 10 mg/mL in acetone and precipitated into water. Afterwards, the solution was placed under a vacuum aspirator until the organic solvent was removed. Either RBC membrane, platelet membrane, or fused RBC-platelet membrane at a 1:1 protein weight ratio was employed as the coating material. A mixture of PLGA cores and membrane material at a polymer to membrane protein weight ratio of 2:1 was then sonicated using a Fisher Scientific FS30D bath sonicator for 2 minutes to form the final coated nanoparticles.