The rat intestinal epithelial cell IEC-6 (ATCC) was maintained in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS. TGF-β was purchased from R&D. EX-527 and CP2 were purchased from Selleck. Small interfering RNAs were purchased from Dharmacon. Transient transfections were performed with Lipofectamine 2000 as previously described (Chen et al., 2021 (link); Kong et al., 2021b (link); Liu et al., 2021a (link),b (link); Zhang et al., 2021 (link)).
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