The identification of the recovered enteric bacterial isolates was performed through traditional bacteriological methods and biochemical tests as guided in the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute/NCCLS7
guidelines with an API 32 E system (bioMerieux SA, Marcy l’Etoile, France) according to Wei and Charles.8
The isolates were stored at −80°C in MicroBank cryovials containing 20% glycerol (Pro-Lab Diagnostics, Round Rock, TX, USA). Control strains used in this study included K. Pneumoniae ATCC 700603, and E. coli ATCC 25922. The carriage of ESBL and QnrS gene was screened on 78 ESBL-positive isolates which included 42 strains of E. coli, 7 strains of Klebsiella spp, 24 strains of Salmonella spp, and 5 strains of Shigella spp respectively. These bacteria genera were chosen on their phenotypic resistance profiles toward β-lactams and fluoroquinolone antimicrobial tested as described in previous related research according to Gundran et al.9 (link)