Genetic Basis of Substance Dependence

Our GWAS discovery samples (‘GCD sample’) included 2379 EA and 3318 AA subjects. A second identically ascertained GCD sample comprising 1746 EA and 803 AA subjects was used for replication. All subjects were recruited for studies of the genetics of drug (opioid or cocaine) or alcohol dependence.^{1 (link),2} The sample consisted of small nuclear families (SNFs) originally collected for linkage studies and unrelated individuals. Subjects (Table 1) gave written informed consent as approved by the institutional review board at each site, and certificates of confidentiality were obtained from NIDA and NIAAA. Subjects were administered the semi-structured assessment for drug dependence and alcoholism (SSADDA)^{16 (link)} to derive DSM-IV diagnoses¹⁷ of lifetime AD and other major psychiatric traits.
Discovery phase analyses also included publicly available (via application) GWAS data from SAGE (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gap/cgi-bin/study.cgi?study_id=phs000092.v1.p1), containing 1311 AA and 2750 EA unrelated individuals (Table 1). It is described in more detail in Supplementary Materials. A German sample of 1806 AD and 1978 control subjects was used for replication.^{9 (link)} Ordinal trait information was not available to us for these subjects, and the controls were not ascertained for exposure to alcohol and may include alcohol abusers.

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Gelernter J., Kranzler H., Sherva R., Almasy L., Koesterer R., Smith A., Anton R., Preuss U., Ridinger M., Rujescu D., Wodarz N., Zill P., Zhao H, & Farrer L. (2013). Genome-wide association study of alcohol dependence: significant findings in African- and European-Americans including novel risk loci. Molecular psychiatry, 19(1), 41-49.

Publication 2013

Alcohol Alcoholism Cocaine Drug dependence Gwas Institutional review board Nida Opioid Replication

Corresponding Organization :

Other organizations : Yale University, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Boston University, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, Connecticut Health Foundation, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Medical University of South Carolina, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Boston Public Schools

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Protocol cited in 38 other protocols

Variable analysis

independent variables

Ethnicity (European American, African American)

dependent variables

Lifetime alcohol dependence (AD) diagnosis
Other major psychiatric traits

control variables

Small nuclear families (SNFs) originally collected for linkage studies and unrelated individuals
Subjects gave written informed consent as approved by the institutional review board at each site, and certificates of confidentiality were obtained from NIDA and NIAAA

notes

The study used a discovery sample and a replication sample for the GWAS analyses.
The discovery sample included 2379 EA and 3318 AA subjects, while the replication sample included 1746 EA and 803 AA subjects.
The German sample of 1806 AD and 1978 control subjects was used for additional replication, but ordinal trait information was not available for these subjects, and the controls were not ascertained for exposure to alcohol and may include alcohol abusers.

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