The inhibitors included 20μM C646 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, Texas). It is an inhibitor of p300 induced histone acetylation (29 (link), 30 (link)). 20μM iBET151 (Life science Research, Billerica, Massachusetts) was used at as a specific inhibitor of BRD3/4, important for transcriptional activation and elongation at paused genes (31 (link)). 40μM DRB (Sigma-Aldrich, Allentown, PA ) was used as an inhibitor of elongation regulating eviction of NELF via P-TEFb (32 (link)). 20μM JSH-23 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) was used as a specific inhibitor of NFκB translocation (33 (link)) and 10μM IT901 (Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN) was used as a specific antagonist of p65 NFκB (34 (link)). 10μM SP600125 (Calbiochem, Darmstadt, Germany) was used as an inhibitor of the JNK MAP kinase. Toxicity analyses confirmed minimal cell death at these concentrations. HPLC-purified LPS was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).