The qNano Gold instrument (Izon Science, Christchurch, New Zeeland) was employed to measure the size distribution and concentration of the isolated NPs using the tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) principle as already reported [53 (link),54 (link)]. Briefly, 35 μL of purified particles were analyzed with a qNano Gold instrument using a NP200 Nanopore (Izon Science) and applying 49 mm stretch, 0.1 V, and 20 mBar parametric conditions. The calibration particles (CPC100, Izon Science) were assayed before the experimental samples under identical conditions. Size and concentrations (2000 events each) were finally determined using the qNano software provided by Izon Science (Izon Control Suite version 3.1).
Zeta potential was evaluated by a Litesizer 500 Particle Analyzer (Anton Paar, Turin, Italy) in aqueous suspension.
DSC and FT-IR analyses on BBR-NPs were performed with the same experimental conditions used to characterize the BBR salts (see Section 2.2).
TEM ultrastructural analysis of NPs was carried out using a Zeiss EM900 electron microscope (Zeiss) operating at 80 kV.
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