- Case series
The cases of oral PMC diagnosed at the Oral Pathology Laboratory of the School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro were obtained by reviewing the Institution's files for the period between 1958 and 2021. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the local Institution (No. 54005021.7.0000.5257). The patient's identity remained anonymous according to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
The following data were collected from the records of individuals: sex, age, skin color, occupation, time of evolution of the lesion, symptomatology, clinical aspects, anatomical location, and clinical differential diagnosis. For anatomical location and differential diagnosis, the unit of analysis was not the number of individuals, since each individual evaluated could have been affected at more than one anatomical site and the clinician may have formulated more than one diagnostic hypothesis. All cases were referred by dentists.
All cases of oral PCM from the period under study were included, and those with incomplete data were excluded. After selection of the cases, 5-mm thick sections were cut from the paraffin blocks, stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), and re-examined under light microscopy by two lecturers of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology (B.A.B.A.; M.J.R.) for diagnostic confirmation. Yeasts were identified after staining the tissue sections with the Grocott-Gomori methenamine silver.
- Literature review
Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (LILACS), and Brazilian Library of Dentistry (BBO) in February 21, 2022 and updated in July 6, 2022. The following combination of terms was used: (paracoccidioidomycosis OR “South American blastomycosis” OR “paracoccidioidal granuloma” OR “Lobo disease” OR “Lutz-Splendore-Almeida disease”) AND (“alveolar process” OR “alveolar ridge” OR “buccal mucosa” OR “buccal mucosal” OR “floor of the mouth” OR gingiva OR gingivae OR “hard palate” OR jaw OR jaws OR lip OR lips OR mandible OR mandibles OR maxilla OR maxillae OR mouth OR oral OR “oral cavity” OR “oral mucosa” OR “oral mucosae” OR oropharynges OR oropharynx OR palate OR perioral OR “soft palate” OR tongue OR tonsil OR tonsils). References that were duplicated across databases were found and eliminated with a command of the EndNote software (End Note® Online, Clarivate Analytics, Canada).
Inclusion criteria were retrospective studies and case series in which at least 10 cases of oral PCM had been included, without restriction of year of publication, language, or geographical region. Exclusion criteria were histopathological, immunohistochemical or molecular studies, in vitro studies (e.g., microbiological assays), and letters to the editor/comments/expert opinions, unless any of these types of publication provided sufficient and detailed clinicodemographic aspects about oral PCM cases.
An author (J.A.A.A.) read the included articles and extracted all data from the studies. A second author (B.A.B.A.) double-checked these data. If the authors disagreed, they discussed until the disagreement was resolved. For unresolved cases, another author (L.G.A.) was consulted. The following data were extracted from the articles included in the literature review: author(s) and year of publication, country, number of cases reported, individuals’ sex and age, anatomical location, evolution time, and treatment.
- Data analysis
Data were tabulated in Microsoft Office Excel 2019 (Microsoft® software, Redmond, WA, USA) and analyzed descriptively using GraphPad Prism version 8.0.0 for Windows (GraphPad software, San Diego, CA, USA).
The cases of oral PMC diagnosed at the Oral Pathology Laboratory of the School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro were obtained by reviewing the Institution's files for the period between 1958 and 2021. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the local Institution (No. 54005021.7.0000.5257). The patient's identity remained anonymous according to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
The following data were collected from the records of individuals: sex, age, skin color, occupation, time of evolution of the lesion, symptomatology, clinical aspects, anatomical location, and clinical differential diagnosis. For anatomical location and differential diagnosis, the unit of analysis was not the number of individuals, since each individual evaluated could have been affected at more than one anatomical site and the clinician may have formulated more than one diagnostic hypothesis. All cases were referred by dentists.
All cases of oral PCM from the period under study were included, and those with incomplete data were excluded. After selection of the cases, 5-mm thick sections were cut from the paraffin blocks, stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), and re-examined under light microscopy by two lecturers of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology (B.A.B.A.; M.J.R.) for diagnostic confirmation. Yeasts were identified after staining the tissue sections with the Grocott-Gomori methenamine silver.
- Literature review
Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (LILACS), and Brazilian Library of Dentistry (BBO) in February 21, 2022 and updated in July 6, 2022. The following combination of terms was used: (paracoccidioidomycosis OR “South American blastomycosis” OR “paracoccidioidal granuloma” OR “Lobo disease” OR “Lutz-Splendore-Almeida disease”) AND (“alveolar process” OR “alveolar ridge” OR “buccal mucosa” OR “buccal mucosal” OR “floor of the mouth” OR gingiva OR gingivae OR “hard palate” OR jaw OR jaws OR lip OR lips OR mandible OR mandibles OR maxilla OR maxillae OR mouth OR oral OR “oral cavity” OR “oral mucosa” OR “oral mucosae” OR oropharynges OR oropharynx OR palate OR perioral OR “soft palate” OR tongue OR tonsil OR tonsils). References that were duplicated across databases were found and eliminated with a command of the EndNote software (End Note® Online, Clarivate Analytics, Canada).
Inclusion criteria were retrospective studies and case series in which at least 10 cases of oral PCM had been included, without restriction of year of publication, language, or geographical region. Exclusion criteria were histopathological, immunohistochemical or molecular studies, in vitro studies (e.g., microbiological assays), and letters to the editor/comments/expert opinions, unless any of these types of publication provided sufficient and detailed clinicodemographic aspects about oral PCM cases.
An author (J.A.A.A.) read the included articles and extracted all data from the studies. A second author (B.A.B.A.) double-checked these data. If the authors disagreed, they discussed until the disagreement was resolved. For unresolved cases, another author (L.G.A.) was consulted. The following data were extracted from the articles included in the literature review: author(s) and year of publication, country, number of cases reported, individuals’ sex and age, anatomical location, evolution time, and treatment.
- Data analysis
Data were tabulated in Microsoft Office Excel 2019 (Microsoft® software, Redmond, WA, USA) and analyzed descriptively using GraphPad Prism version 8.0.0 for Windows (GraphPad software, San Diego, CA, USA).
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