Randomized ADHD Music Therapy Study

A total of 60 subjects were included in the design criteria for randomization in this study. They were divided into an ADHD control group (n = 30) and an ADHD music therapy group (n = 30) each on a 1:1 basis. (Fig. 1). By substituting a 0.05 confidence interval, a study power of 0.80, and effect size of 0.89 based on a previous study [48 (link)] using the G-power 3.1.9.7 program, a sample size of 42 people (ADHD control group 21/ADHD music therapy group n = 21) was calculated (Fig. 1). However, 18 ADHD control group subjects and 18 ADHD music therapy group subjects were finally selected due to the limitations of continuous therapy, COVID-19, and distance (Fig. 1). The ADHD control group received standard care, while ADHD the music therapy group received standard care and active music therapy (improvisation) and receptive music therapy (music listening) and completed statistical analysis after follow-up (2 months). The study flowchart is summarized in (Fig. 1).Fig. 1

Flow chart: Participant flow