NIH 3T3 and 293T cells were obtained from ATCC, Smo−/− fibroblasts have been described previously33 (link) and were originally obtained from Drs. James Chen and Philip Beachy, SAG was from Enzo Life Sciences, Cyclopamine from Toronto Research Chemicals, SANT-1 from EMD Millipore, 20(S)-OHC from Steraloids. The synthesis of 20(R)-OHC7 (link) and 20(S)-amine coupled beads for SMO binding assays has been described in detail previously10 (link). Rabbit polyclonal antibodies against SMO, PTCH1 and SUFU have been described previously34 (link),35 (link), and the mouse monoclonal antibody against GLI1 was obtained from Cell Signaling Technologies (Cat#L42B10). SHH-containing conditioned media was made from 293T cells transfected with the N-terminal signalling domain of SHH and used at saturating concentrations (dilution of 1:4)2 (link).