AH samples were collected as described previously [29 (link)]. Levels of ATX in the AH were determined by a two-site immunoenzymatic assay with an ATX assay reagent using the AIA system (Tosoh, Tokyo, Japan). TGF-β levels in the AH were measured using a Bio-Plex Pro TGF-β assay kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA) in accordance with the manufacturer’s protocol.
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