Whole lipids of cultured H. pylori SS1 were prepared by single-phase extraction as described by Tsugawa et al. (2020) (link). Briefly, 1.0 × 109 CFUs of dried bacterial cells were suspended in 100 μl chloroform. After 1 h incubation, 195 μl methanol and 5 μl EquiSPLASH (Avanti Polar Lipids) were mixed and incubated for another 2 h at room temperature. Thereafter, 20 μl of water was added, and the samples were incubated for 10 min. After extraction, samples were centrifuged at 2,000 ×g for 10 min, and the supernatants were collected. The extracted lipids were measured using the ACQUITY UPLC I class system (Waters) coupled with a TripleTOF 6600 (AB Sciex; Tsugawa et al., 2020 (link)). Liquid chromatography separation was performed using a reverse-phase column (ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column [2.1 mm i.d. × 50 mm, particle size 1.7 μm; Waters]), and data acquisition was performed by data-dependent MS/MS in the negative and positive ion modes. The detected lipid species were annotated using MS-DIAL (Tsugawa et al., 2015 (link)) and Peak View (AB Sciex).