Enrollment occurred from March 13, 2007, to May 28, 2010. Eligible participants were fewer than 5 years from Parkinson disease diagnosis (defined as asymmetric features including bradykinesia plus resting tremor, rigidity, or both) and had taken levodopa or a dopamine agonist for at least 90 days but not longer than 2 years. Continuation of other prescribed Parkinson disease therapy was allowed. Participants were to be followed up for a minimum of 5 years or until the end of the trial (a maximum of 8 years for the first enrolled participants) and encouraged to remain in the study even if they discontinued study drug. Adjustments of Parkinson disease medication were permitted during the trial. The institutional review board(s) approved the study, the study protocol, and the informed consent process and documentation. All patients provided written informed consent.