As formerly described by Gendy et al., (2022) [85 (link)], 5 µm slices were sliced into positive charged slides, rehydrated, and heat-retrieved before being incubated with primary anti-TNF- and VEGF for the duration of the night (at a dilution of 1:100). Following washing, tissue sections were incubated for 30 min at room temperature with a 1:1000 dilution of an HRP-labeled secondary antibody before being blocked for endogenous peroxidases. The color was created using a DAB-Substrate Kit. Slides with negative controls were produced by skipping the primary antibody stage. Using an Olympus BX43 microscope, slides were inspected, and an Olympus DP-27 camera was used to take pictures (Tokyo, Japan). Using Cell Sens Dimensions, positive immune staining was measured as an area percentage (Olympus software).
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